Why was Jesus prophesied as the Messiah and not King?

There is no wisdom and no understanding And no counsel against the LORD. (Proverbs 21:30)

The Messiah, or Christ, is a title meaning “the Anointed One”

The origins of anointing in the Scriptures is found after Jacob dreams of a ladder set on earth with its top reaching to heaven (Genesis 28:12). It says,

He was afraid and said, “How awesome is this place! This is none other than the house of God, and this is the gate of heaven.” So Jacob rose early in the morning, and took the stone that he had put under his head and set it up as a pillar and poured oil on its top. (Genesis 28:17-18)

This progresses to God’s sign of authority to rule as seen in 1 Samuel 9:15-16,

Now a day before Saul’s coming, the LORD had revealed this to Samuel saying, “About this time tomorrow I will send you a man from the land of Benjamin, and you shall anoint him to be prince over My people Israel; and he will deliver My people from the hand of the Philistines. For I have regarded My people, because their cry has come to Me.”

1 Samuel 16:1,

Now the LORD said to Samuel, “How long will you grieve over Saul, since I have rejected him from being king over Israel? Fill your horn with oil and go; I will send you to Jesse the Bethlehemite, for I have selected a king for Myself among his sons.”

1 Kings 1:32-35,

Then King David said, “Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada.” And they came into the king’s presence. The king said to them, “Take with you the servants of your lord, and have my son Solomon ride on my own mule, and bring him down to Gihon. Let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there as king over Israel, and blow the trumpet and say, ‘Long live King Solomon!’ Then you shall come up after him, and he shall come and sit on my throne and be king in my place; for I have appointed him to be ruler over Israel and Judah.”

As well as a sign to qualify for a perpetual priesthood in Exodus 40:15,

and you shall anoint them even as you have anointed their father, that they may minister as priests to Me; and their anointing will qualify them for a perpetual priesthood throughout their generations.”

Therefore, to be the Messiah was to be the promised King who would rule as king and priest (Zechariah 6:13). However, God foresaw in His infinite knowledge that to be a king would be a crime during Jesus’ time on earth, as the Jews pointed out in John 19:12,

As a result of this Pilate made efforts to release Him, but the Jews cried out saying, “If you release this Man, you are no friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar.”

And in Luke 23:2 they make a point to help Pilate with the translation.

And they began to accuse Him, saying, “We found this man misleading our nation and forbidding to pay taxes to Caesar, and saying that He Himself is Christ, a King.”

As said in the beginning, there is no wisdom and no understanding and no counsel against the LORD. And as to whether Jesus was ever anointed, I believe this is why He says,

“Truly I say to you, wherever this gospel is preached in the whole world, what this woman has done will also be spoken of in memory of her.” (Matthew 26:13)

References

Proverbs 21:30

Genesis 28:12, 17-18

1 Samuel 9:15-16

1 Samuel 16:1

1 Kings 1:32-35

Exodus 40:15

Zechariah 6:13

John 19:12

Luke 23:2

Matthew 26:13